Major programmes. For the Press. Help preserve sites now! Join the , Members. Search Advanced. By Properties. Cultural Criteria: i ii iii iv v vi Natural Criteria: vii viii ix x. Category Cultural Natural Mixed. All With videos With photo gallery. Country Region Year Name of the property.
Without With. Ancient City of Damascus Founded in the 3rd millennium B. Ciudad vieja de Damasco Fundada en el tercer milenio a. Oude stad van Damascus Damascus werd gesticht in het 3e millennium voor Christus en is daarmee een van de oudste steden in het Midden-Oosten.
Integrity The line of the walls of the old city forms the boundary of the property. Authenticity Since the inscription of the property, the morphological layout and the spatial pattern of the historic fabric have remained basically unchanged and the key discrete attributes survive.
Protection and management requirements Responsibilities for planning control over the old city and its management are in the hands of two government departments the Commission for Safeguarding the Old Town and the General Directorate for Antiquities and Museums DGAM. History Magazine These 3,year-old giants watched over the cemeteries of Sardinia. Science Coronavirus Coverage What families can do now that kids are getting the vaccine. Magazine How one image captures 21 hours of a volcanic eruption.
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Travel My Hometown In L. Subscriber Exclusive Content. Why are people so dang obsessed with Mars? How viruses shape our world. This part of the Mamluk Empire had been in fierce battles with Mongol Invaders. From to the early s, the Mamluk warriors were able to push the Mongol armies out from Damascus and northern Syria, and kept them from taking Egypt and Palestine.
The Mongols had taken over Baghdad and much of the Abbasid Empire by capturing and destroying cities as they went. The Mamluk armies protected the empire and kept open the trade routes and the pilgrimage routes.
Along one part of the route soldiers on horseback dragged carpet or mats to smooth the sand every night. The next morning the soldiers sought out anyone who had left tracks in the sand, pursued them and punished them severely.
Damascus was like a second capital to the Mamluk, a great city that Ibn Battuta just had to see! From Damascus he could connect with a Hajj caravan and complete his trip to Mecca in safety. But there were other holy sites to see on this part of his trip: Hebron, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and more! And a stream of pilgrims came to these places under the protection of the Mamluk Sultan. This is a map of the Mamluk Empire and the Mongol Khanates around the year If you compare this to the map of Ibn Battuta's journeys , you'll see that by the time Ibn Battuta embarked on his trip in , the Mamluks had lost territory to the Mongols.
Note the shifted border in the area of modern-day Iraq. The Applied History Research Group. Hebron is a holy site for Muslims, Christians, and Jews since it is the burial place of the "fathers" or "patriarchs" of monotheism belief in one God : Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Near Hebron are other holy sites, including the burial place of Lot. It is said that Muhammad himself visited this holy site as well as Bethlehem to pray on his Night Journey, making the sites even more holy and worthy of pilgrimage.
Then he arrived in Jerusalem which was a rather small town at that time, with a population of only about 10, The s brought more military coups, revolts and riots. In , the Arab Socialist Baath Party, which was active throughout the Middle East since the late s, seized power of Syria in a coup known as the Baath Revolution.
Conflict over this coveted area continued for years and is still ongoing. He remained in power as president for 30 years, until his death in Hafez al-Assad was part of the Islam Alawite, which is a minority Shiite sect. During his presidency, Hafez was credited with strengthening the Syrian military with the help of the Soviets. Syria and Egypt went to war with Israel in Shortly after this conflict, Syria also got involved in the civil war in Lebanon, where it has maintained a military presence ever since.
In , the Muslim Brotherhood organized a rebellion against the Assad regime in the city of Hama, and Assad responded by arresting, torturing and executing political rebels. Estimates vary, but many experts believe the retaliation took the lives of about 20, civilians. The same year, Israel invaded Lebanon and attacked the Syrian army stationed there.
But by , Israel and Lebanon announced that the hostility between the two countries was over. Toward the end of his life, Hafez attempted to make more peaceful relations with Israel and Iraq. After Bashar took power, the constitution was amended to reduce the minimum age of the president from 40 to At the start of his presidency, Bashar al-Assad released political prisoners, and Syrians were hopeful that their new leader would grant more freedoms and impose less oppression than his father.
The Syrian government was also accused of being involved in the assassination of Rafic Hariri, the Lebanese prime minister, in After a few years of what seemed like potential diplomacy between Assad and other nations, the United States renewed sanctions against Syria in , saying that the regime supported terrorist groups. Many human rights groups reported that Assad regularly tortured, imprisoned and killed political adversaries throughout his presidency.
In March of , a group of teens and children were arrested and tortured for writing anti-government graffiti that was thought to be inspired by the Arab Spring rebellion.
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